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Folk music and dances of Rajasthan
The people of Rajasthan live life to the hilt. After hard work in the
harsh desert sun and the rocky terrain whenever they take time off
they let themselves go in gay abandon. There is dancing, singing,
drama, devotional music and puppet shows and other community
festivities which transform the hardworking Rajasthani into a
fun-loving and carefree individual. Each region has its own folk
entertainment, the dance styles differ as do the songs. Interestingly
enough, even the musical instruments are different.
Of considerable significance are the devotional songs and the
communities who render these songs. Professional performers like the
Bhaats, Dholis, Mirasis, Nats, Bhopas and Bhands are omnipresent
across the state. They are patronised by the villagers who participate
actively in the shows put up by these travelling entertainers. Some of
the better known forms of entertainment are :
Ghoomar Dance : This is basically a community dance for women
and performed on. auspicious occasions. Derived from the word ghoomna,
piroutte, this is a very simple dance where the ladies move gently,
gracefully in circles.
Gait Ghoomar : This is one of the many dance-forms of the Bhil
tribals. Performed during Holi festival, this is among a few
performances where both men and women dance together.
Gait : Another Holi dance but performed only by men. This
becomes Dandia Gair in Jodhpur and Geendad in Shekhawati.
Chart Dance : This is popular in the Kisherigarh region and
involves dancing with a chari, or pot, on ones head. A lighted lamp
is then placed on the pot.
Kachhi Ghodi : This is a dance performed on dummy horses. Men in
elaborate costumes ride the equally well decorated dummy horses.
Holding naked swords, these dancers move rhythmically to the beating
of drums and fifes. A singer narrates the exploits of the Bavaria
bandits of Shekhawati.
Fire Dance : The Jasnathis of Bikaner and Chum are renowned for
their tantric powers and this dance is in keeping with their
lifestyle. A large ground is prepared with live wood and charcoal
where the Jasnathi men and boys jump on to the fire to the
accompaniment of drum beats. The music gradually rises in tempo and
reaches a crescendo, the dancers seem to be in a trance like state.
Drum Dance : This is a professional dance-form from Jalore. Five men
with huge drums round their necks, some with huge cymbals accompany a
dancer who holds a naked sword in his mouth and performs vigorously by
twirling three painted sticks.
Teerah Taali : The Kamad community of Pokhran and Deedwana
perform this dance in honour of theft deity, Baba Ramdeo. A rather
unusual performance where the men play a four-stringed instrument
called a chau-tara and the women sit with dozens of manjeeras, or
cymbals, tied on all over their bodies and strike them with the ones
they hold in their hands. Sometimes, the women also hold a sword
between their teeth or place pots with lighted lamps on their heads.
Kathputli : Puppet plays based on popular legends are performed
by skilled puppeteers. Displaying his skill in making the puppets act
and dance, the puppeteer is accompanied by a woman, usually his wife,
who plays the dholak, or drum and sings the ballad.
Pabuji Ki Phach : A 14th century folk hero, Pabuji is revered by
the Bhopa community. The phad, or scroll, which is about 10 metres
long, highlights the life and heroic deed of Pabuji. The Bhopas are
invited by villagers to perform in their areas during times of
sickness and misfortune. The ballad is sung by the Bhopa as he plays
the Ravan-hattha and he is joined by his wife who holds a lamp and
illuminates the relevant portions at appropriate points.
Maand : Rajasthans most sophisticated style of folk music and
has come a long way from the time it was only sung in royal courts, in
praise of the Rajput rulers.
Professional singers still sing the haunting ballads of Moomal
Mahendra, Dhola-Maru and other legendary lovers and heroes.
List of singers and performers also includes the Mirasis and Jogis of
Mewat, Manganiyars and Langas, Kanjars, Banjaras and Dholies.
Performances like the Kuchamani Khayal, Maach, Tamasha, Rammat,
Nautanki and Raasleela are no less popular. The musical instruments of
Rajasthan are simple but quite unusual. Handcrafted by the musicians
themselves they are rather unique and include instruments like the
Morchang, Naad, Sarangi, Kamayacha, Rawanhattha, Algoza, Khartal,
Poongi, Bankia and Da There are dozens of other instruments which are
exclusive to Rajasthan only.
It is a rather difficult task to list all the different types of
music, dance and entertainment that can be found in Rajasthan. The
range is mindboggling. |
